Vaginal infections or vaginitis are a common reason women visit the gynecologist. Signs and symptoms of vaginitis include: a change in vaginal discharge, an unpleasant odor, or itching. Many women refer to these symptoms as a “yeast infection,” but not all vaginal infections are due to yeast. The three most common types of vaginal infections are: yeast, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomonas.
Yeast infections can occur anywhere in the body. Vaginal yeast infections are usually caused by the species Candida albicans. Some women with chronic illness are more at risk for yeast infections. Signs and symptoms include a thick white discharge, itching, and occasionally burning with urination. There are over the counter treatments for yeast infections in the form of vaginal creams and suppositories. These medications are often effective, but if symptoms are not getting better, it is best to see a doctor. Only a doctor can prescribe oral medication and stronger creams.
Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of vaginitis. Bacterial vaginosis or BV is not caused by a specific organism. BV occurs when the normal bacteria living in the vagina are replaced by others. As a result, you may develop a change in odor and vaginal discharge. BV is not a sexually transmitted infection, but it can increase your risk of acquiring one. Your doctor can help with diagnosis and treat bacterial vaginosis with antibiotics.
Trichomonas is the least common cause of vaginitis, and it is a sexually transmitted infection. Trichomonas is the second most common sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the United States. Symptoms of trichomonas include an unpleasant vaginal odor and discharge. Some women experience itching. Trichomonas can be treated, and both partners should take antibiotics. Your doctor may advise you to have further STD testing done.
If you are experiencing any symptoms of vaginitis, it is important to contact and see your doctor. Buying over the counter treatments may be effective for uncomplicated yeast infections, but it can lead to the delay of treatment for the other causes of vaginitis.
by: Gweneth Lazenby, M.D.